A group of US researchers at Cornell University have identified a
novel approach to conservation called Pleistocene wilding.
They have developed an initiative that involves placing lions,
cheetahs, elephants and camels in some parts of North America.
The plan would help endangered African animals while offer
ecotourism and land-management jobs to help the struggling
economies of the Great Plains and Southwest as well as helping to
maintain ecosystems and boost biodiversity.
During the Pleistocene age, between 1.8 million to about 10,000
years ago, North America was home to a wide range of mega
fauna. When man arrived around 13,000 years ago he hunted
the American cheetah and a type of camel to extinction. The
disappearance of these extinct creatures has left gaps in the
ecosystem. The pronghorn, for example, which exists today,
an antelope-like animal for example has lost its natural
predator.
By introducing living counterparts to the extinct animals, the
researchers say, these voids could be filled. So, by introducing
free-ranging African cheetahs to the Southwest, strong
interactions with pronghorns could be restored, while providing
cheetahs with a new habitat. Other living species that
could “stand in” for Pleistocene-era animals in North
America include feral horses, wild asses, Bactrian camels, Asian
and African elephants and lions.
“Obviously, gaining public acceptance is going to be a huge
issue, especially when you talk about reintroducing
predators,” said lead author Josh Donlan, of Cornell
University. “There are going to have to be some major
attitude shifts. That includes realising predation is a natural
role, and that people are going to have to take
precautions.” Dr Donlan said that large tracts of private
land are probably the most promising place to start, with each
step carefully guided by the fossil record and the involvement of
experts and research.
“We are not advocating backing up a van and letting
elephants and cheetah out into the landscape,” he said.
“All of this would be science driven.”