Libya, sandwiched between Tunisia to the north west, Algeria to the
west, Egypt to the east and Niger and Chad to the south is little
visited but has a great deal to offer to the traveller: Roman and
Greek remains of Leptis Magna and Cyrene, the Sahara desert, Berber
fortresses, oases, prehistoric cave paintings, mountains and old
towns. To obtain a visa, you must have an invitation from a Libyan
which is sent to the Libyan embassy in your country; a travel agent
in Libya can usually arrange this. Americans are allowed to enter
Libya, but if you have an Israeli stamp in your passport, you will
not be granted a visa. Alitalia, Lufthansa, British Airways,
Austrian and AirMalta all fly direct to Tripoli. Alternatively, it
is possible to take a boat from Malta to Tripoli or fly in to
Djerba in neighbouring Tunisia, to the west, and take a shared taxi
across the border. Most visitors take the latter routing as it is
cheaper.
Arabic is the official language in Libya, but some people in shops
and markets speak English and Italian. French is spoken
predominantly in the southern regions. If travelling independently,
you will be able to get around by shared taxi, which is the usual
form of transport. Because of the vast desert in Libya, most places
of interest are along the Mediterranean strip or at the edges of
the desert. Libya is far richer than its neighbours and has
invested in good infrastructure, including roads. The standard of
living is comparatively high and the cost of hotels reflects this.
It is possible to fly to some of the more distant places. Private
tour groups are taken around by private four wheel drive. This trip
will take in the best Libya has to offer and can be done either
independently or as part of an organised tour.
Arrive at Tripoli, the capital of Libya. The old town dates back to
the 4th century: wander around the souk, visit the promenade along
the Mediterranean – there are beaches at Tripoli, and get
acquainted etc. Spend the night and on Day 2, head west first to
Sabratha, 75km west of Tripoli, founded in 9 BC by the Phoenicians
and later taken over by the Romans. Sites to see include a
fabulously in tact amphitheatre and the temple of Isis, public
baths, temples, fountains, mosaics. The museum is a must, and has
an extensive exhibition of everything from statues to small coins.
There are also some beaches!
Continue on to Leptis Magna, on the Mediterranean coast, about
120km east of Tripoli, a little over an hour's drive from
Tripoli. Leptis Magna has the reputation of having the most
complete and impressive Roman ruins in all of North Africa. It was
originally a Berber settlement until the Phoenicians made it into a
trading point and then it became part of the Roman empire in 111
BC. Sites to see include: a preserved amphitheatre, triumphal
arches, a market area, an imperial area etc. Stay the night.
On day 3, head for Benghazi east of Tripoli. Benghazi is
Libya's second largest city. Visit the museums containing Greek
and Phoenician remains. On day 4, head for the ancient Greek town
of Cyrene, where you can see excavated Greek remains. Cyrene now
called Shah'at was founded in 631 B.C. and became the most
important Greek city in North Africa. It was later occupied by the
Romans and reached its height under Emperor Augustus. Next go on to
neighbouring Appolonia, named after the God, Apollo. The
Mediterranean harbour has an acropolis on one of its hills, a
theatre, a famous church, baths, old city walls etc. Return to
Tripoli to stay the night before heading south to visit the Sahara,
troglodyte caves, mountains and oases.
Day 5, head for Jabal Nafuosa where you can see the fortress towns
of the Berbers. These are situated between 80 km to 350km south of
Tripoli and are on the edge of the Nafuosa Mountains. En route, you
can stop at Gharyan, about 100 km south of Tripoli where you can
see troglodyte dwellings dug vertically down into the ground. You
will have to stay over night in one of these towns and continue on
to Ghadames 650km south-west of Tripoli. Ghadames is a beautiful
town and a UNESCO World Heritage site. You can visit the sand dunes
of the Sahara, take camel rides, and see folk law shows by both the
people of Ghadames and also the nomadic Tuareg.
On day 6, continue much further south, to Ghat in the middle of the
Sahara, close to the Algerian border. It is an old town close to
massive sand dunes of the Sahara – which if you have never seen
them before are pretty impressive. From here, one can continue to
the Akakus Mountains to see 10,000 year prehistoric cave and rock
paintings of elephants, giraffes, rhinoceroses, ostriches and
crocodiles. Accommodation this far south, is basic and usually
involves in sleeping in tents. It is not possible to visit the
Akakus Mountains alone, you will have to take a guide or join an
excursion as it is very easy to get lost. The usual trip is about
200 km and runs in a half circle, starting south of Ghat, and
ending more than 100 km north of Ghat. The Libyan tourism agency
says that on doing this trip, you should realise that you are
visiting an area less visited than the South Pole! On day 7 return
to Tripoli.